Sudan

Region: Eastern Africa Regional Economic Communities (REC): CEN-SAD · COMESA · IGAD

→ View IIAG Country Statistics

(To be linked)

• CEN-SAD
• COMESA
• IGAD

The informal economy constitutes a substantial proportion of Sudan’s labour market.

Workers in this sector are:

• Largely excluded from formal labour protections
• Not adequately covered by social protection systems

Regulatory note: Informality is structural, not residual, and closely linked to economic instability and governance challenges.

Sudan has a mixed legal system, influenced by:

• Civil law traditions
• Islamic law (Sharia)
• Statutory labour legislation

Sudan is a member of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and has ratified key conventions, including:

• Convention No. 100 (Equal Remuneration)

The country’s constitutional framework is currently transitional.

The 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration functions as the de facto constitutional framework, outlining:

• Structure of the transitional government
• Foundational rights and freedoms

(Content to be confirmed: date of ILO membership and DWCP status)

The 2019 Draft Constitutional Charter provides core labour-related protections:

Article 46 – Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour

• Slavery and human trafficking are prohibited in all forms
• Forced labour is prohibited except following lawful conviction

Article 47 – Equality Before the Law

• Guarantees equality and non-discrimination
• Protects against discrimination based on:
  • Ethnicity
  • Gender
  • Religion
  • Political opinion

The Labour Act establishes:

• Employer obligations:
  • Safe working environment
  • Provision of safety training
  • Protective equipment
• Employee rights:
  • Refusal of unsafe work
  • Access to occupational safety information

However:

• Enforcement remains significantly constrained
• Labour inspection systems are weak

Regulatory note: Strong normative framework, but implementation deficit persists.

Sudan does not have a comprehensive, unified framework specifically targeting informal workers.

Existing protections are:

• Fragmented
• Indirect
• Weakly enforced

Regulatory note: Informal workers remain largely outside effective regulatory protection.

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• IIAG – Sudan: https://iiag.online/locations/sd.html
• Draft Constitutional Charter (2019): https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Sudan%20Constitutional%20Declaration%20%28English%29.pdf
• Institutions and Stakeholder Database – Sudan (to be linked)
• ILO Country Profile – Sudan (to be linked)