====== Sudan ======

**Region:** Eastern Africa  
**Regional Economic Communities (REC):** CEN-SAD · COMESA · IGAD  

→ [[https://iiag.online/locations/sd.html|View IIAG Country Statistics]]

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^ Indicator ^ Data ^
| **Governance (IIAG)** | Overall Governance score: 29.6 / 100 · Rank: 51st / 54 |

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===== PART 1 – HIGH-LEVEL COUNTRY MAPPING =====

==== Institutions and Stakeholder Database ====
(To be linked)

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==== REC Membership ====

  * CEN-SAD
  * COMESA
  * IGAD

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==== Population size and size of the informal economy ====

The informal economy constitutes a **substantial proportion of Sudan’s labour market**.

Workers in this sector are:

  * Largely excluded from formal labour protections  
  * Not adequately covered by social protection systems  

**Regulatory note:** Informality is **structural**, not residual, and closely linked to economic instability and governance challenges.

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==== Nature of the legal system and ILO status ====

Sudan has a **mixed legal system**, influenced by:

  * Civil law traditions  
  * Islamic law (Sharia)  
  * Statutory labour legislation  

Sudan is a member of the **International Labour Organization (ILO)** and has ratified key conventions, including:

  * **Convention No. 100 (Equal Remuneration)**  

The country’s constitutional framework is currently **transitional**.

The **2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration** functions as the de facto constitutional framework, outlining:

  * Structure of the transitional government  
  * Foundational rights and freedoms  

(Content to be confirmed: date of ILO membership and DWCP status)

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==== Workers’ rights in human rights system, national labour law / social protection and scope of protection ====

The **2019 Draft Constitutional Charter** provides core labour-related protections:

**Article 46 – Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour**

  * Slavery and human trafficking are prohibited in all forms  
  * Forced labour is prohibited except following lawful conviction  

**Article 47 – Equality Before the Law**

  * Guarantees equality and non-discrimination  
  * Protects against discrimination based on:
    * Ethnicity  
    * Gender  
    * Religion  
    * Political opinion  

The **Labour Act** establishes:

  * Employer obligations:
    * Safe working environment  
    * Provision of safety training  
    * Protective equipment  
  * Employee rights:
    * Refusal of unsafe work  
    * Access to occupational safety information  

However:

  * Enforcement remains **significantly constrained**  
  * Labour inspection systems are weak  

**Regulatory note:** Strong normative framework, but **implementation deficit persists**.

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==== Existing laws, policy and regulatory initiatives for the protection of workers in the informal economy ====

Sudan does not have a comprehensive, unified framework specifically targeting informal workers.

Existing protections are:

  * Fragmented  
  * Indirect  
  * Weakly enforced  

**Regulatory note:** Informal workers remain largely outside effective regulatory protection.

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===== PART 2 – SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATION =====

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==== Domestic Work Sector ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Street Vendor ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Waste Reclaiming ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Home working ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Gig Work and the Platform Economy ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Farm Work ====

(Content to be added)

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==== The Mining Sector and Artisanal Mining ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Taxi and Transport Sector (Gig-work/platform economy overlap) ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Cross-Border Informal Trade ====

(Content to be added)

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===== Sources / Links =====

  * IIAG – Sudan: https://iiag.online/locations/sd.html
  * Draft Constitutional Charter (2019): https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Sudan%20Constitutional%20Declaration%20%28English%29.pdf
  * Institutions and Stakeholder Database – Sudan (to be linked)
  * ILO Country Profile – Sudan (to be linked)