====== Morocco ======

**Region:** Northern Africa  
**Regional Economic Communities (REC):** AMU · CEN-SAD  

→ [[https://iiag.online/locations/ma.html|View IIAG Country Statistics]]

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^ Indicator ^ Data ^
| **Governance (IIAG)** | Overall Governance score: 62 / 100 · Rank: 8th / 54 |

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===== PART 1 – HIGH-LEVEL COUNTRY MAPPING =====

==== Institutions and Stakeholder Database ====
(To be linked)

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==== REC Membership ====

  * AMU
  * CEN-SAD

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==== Population size and size of the informal economy ====

Morocco’s population is estimated at **over 38 million (2025)**.  

The informal economy is a **structural feature of the labour market**, with estimates indicating:

  * **27%–42% of GDP**  
  * Up to **77%+ of total employment**  
  * Approximately **83% of businesses operating informally (2025 estimate)**  

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==== Nature of the legal system and ILO status ====

Morocco operates a **mixed legal system**, combining:

  * French civil law  
  * Islamic (Sharia) law (Maliki school)  
  * Customary practices  

This produces a **pluralist legal order**, with both formal and informal justice systems coexisting.

Morocco has been a member of the **International Labour Organization (ILO) since 1956**.

The **Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP)** focuses on:

  * Employment creation  
  * Social protection  
  * Rights at work  
  * Social dialogue  

Early implementation included the **Decent Work Pilot Programme (2002)** targeting the textile sector.

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==== Workers’ rights in human rights system, national labour law / social protection and scope of protection ====

Workers’ protections are grounded in:

  * Labour Code  
  * Social security legislation  
  * Constitutional guarantees  

However:

  * Large segments of informal workers remain outside effective protection  
  * Enforcement gaps persist  

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==== Existing laws, policy and regulatory initiatives for the protection of workers in the informal economy ====

**Domestic Workers Law (2018)**

  * Introduces formal employment contracts  
  * Regulates working hours  
  * Guarantees weekly rest  
  * Establishes minimum wage protections  

**Key initiatives:**

  * **RAMED (medical assistance scheme)** – provides healthcare access for low-income and informal workers  
  * **Unionisation in sectors (e.g. textiles)** – improves working conditions and bargaining capacity  

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===== PART 2 – SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATION =====

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==== Domestic Work Sector ====

**Act No. 19-12 (2016)**

  * Defines domestic workers (Art. 1)  
  * Requires formal employment contracts (Art. 3)  
  * Applies Labour Code rules to foreign domestic workers  

**Decree No. 2-17-355 (2017)**  
  * Establishes standard employment contract template  

**Decree No. 2-17-356 (2017)**  
  * Prohibits hazardous work for domestic workers aged 16–18  

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==== Street Vendor ====

Regulated through:

  * Municipal by-laws  
  * Commercial legislation  
  * **Auto-Entrepreneur Programme**

Key features:

  * Simplified registration and taxation  
  * Localised regulation (location, hours, permits)  
  * Formalisation pathway for informal traders  

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==== Waste Reclaiming ====

**Law 28-00 on Waste Management (2006)**

  * Governs waste prevention, treatment, and disposal  
  * Introduces recycling and recovery frameworks  

**Key strategies:**

  * **National Waste Reduction and Recovery Strategy (SNRVD)** – target: 70% recycling by 2030  
  * **Eco-tax on plastics (2013)**  
  * **Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)**  

Implementation supported by:

  * National Municipal Solid Waste Programme (PNDM)  
  * Public-private partnerships  

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==== Home working ====

No comprehensive legal framework currently.

Developments:

  * Draft regulation for remote work (2020)  
  * Anticipated Labour Code reform (expected 2025)  

Current position:

  * Governed by contractual arrangements  
  * Employer obligations may include provision of equipment and cost coverage  

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==== Gig Work and the Platform Economy ====

Governed by:

  * **Law 114-13 (self-employed status)**  

Key characteristics:

  * Workers classified as **self-employed entrepreneurs**  
  * Excluded from Labour Code protections  
  * Voluntary (non-mandatory) access to social insurance  

Emerging issue:

  * Regulatory gap for platform-based labour  

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==== Farm Work ====

Regulated under Labour Code and sector-specific provisions:

  * Annual working time: **2,496 hours**  
  * Agricultural minimum wage (**SMAG**)  
  * Mandatory social security registration  
  * Paid annual leave: **18 days**  

Challenges:

  * High levels of informality  
  * Weak enforcement  
  * Restrictions on collective labour action  

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==== The Mining Sector and Artisanal Mining ====

**Mining Law No. 33-13 (2015)**

  * Establishes licensing system for mining activities  
  * Expands sector beyond phosphate extraction  

Includes:

  * Formalisation of artisanal mining  
  * Institutional support (e.g. Central Purchasing Development Office)  

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==== Taxi and Transport Sector (Gig-work/platform economy overlap) ====

Regulatory framework:

  * Licensing requirements for taxis  
  * Restrictions on unlicensed digital platforms  

Key dynamics:

  * Legal uncertainty around ride-hailing apps  
  * Conflict between traditional taxis and platform services  
  * Ongoing regulatory reform efforts  

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==== Cross-Border Informal Trade ====

(Content to be added)

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===== Sources / Links =====

  * IIAG – Morocco: https://iiag.online/locations/ma.html  
  * Law 28-00 on Waste Management  
  * Mining Law No. 33-13 (2015)  
  * Domestic Workers Law No. 19-12 (2016)  
  * Morocco Labour Code