====== Madagascar ======

**Region:** Eastern Africa  
**Regional Economic Communities (REC):** COMESA · SADC  

→ [[https://iiag.online/locations/mg.html|View IIAG Country Statistics]]

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^ Indicator ^ Data ^
| **Governance (IIAG)** | Overall Governance score: 45.3 / 100 · Rank: 34th / 54 |

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===== PART 1 – HIGH-LEVEL COUNTRY MAPPING =====

==== Institutions and Stakeholder Database ====
(To be linked)

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==== REC Membership ====

  * COMESA
  * SADC

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==== Population size and size of the informal economy ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Nature of the legal system and ILO status ====

Madagascar’s legal system is primarily based on French civil law, supplemented by customary law in certain areas.

Madagascar has been a member of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and participates in the ILO Decent Work Agenda, including engagement through a Decent Work Country Programme aligned with national development priorities.

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==== Workers’ rights in human rights system, national labour law / social protection and scope of protection ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Existing laws, policy and regulatory initiatives for the protection of workers in the informal economy ====

(Content to be added)

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===== PART 2 – SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATION =====

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==== Domestic Work Sector ====

**Decree No. 63-124 of 22 February 1963**  
(Code of Family Benefits and Occupational Injuries)

  * Eligibility for family benefits requires a minimum of **134 hours of work per month** for domestic workers (Art. 132(1)).

**Decree No. 69-145 of 8 April 1969 (Social Security Code)**  
(as amended by Decree No. 69-233 of 17 June 1969)

  * Contributions to the National Social Security Fund are based on remuneration.
  * For domestic workers, contributions are fixed on a flat-rate basis (Art. 35).
  * Eligibility requires at least **20 days or 134 hours per month** (Art. 132(1)).

**Regulatory note:** Domestic workers are expressly incorporated into the social security framework, albeit under differentiated contribution mechanisms.

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==== Street Vendor ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Waste Reclaiming ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Home working ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Gig Work and the Platform Economy ====

**Act No. 94-026 (Social Protection Code)**

  * Extends social protection coverage to:
    * Self-employed workers  
    * Informal sector workers  
    * Liberal professions  

  * Establishes three contributory schemes (Art. 7):
    * Salaried workers  
    * Self-employed workers  
    * Liberal professions  

  * Applies to any person engaged in independent income-generating activity (Art. 9)

**Act No. 2003-044 (Labour Code)**

  * Self-employed persons may voluntarily access occupational health service benefits within their geographical area (Art. 130(2)).

**Act No. 95-004 of 21 June 1995 (Craft Industry Law)**

  * Craftsmen must operate on a self-employed basis (Art. 2).
  * Registered craftsmen may access social insurance schemes (Art. 10).

**Regulatory note:** The framework reflects a deliberate policy approach to integrating informal and self-employed workers into formalised social protection systems.

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==== Farm Work ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Mining Sector and Artisanal Mining ====

**Act No. 2023-007 of 27 July 2023 (Mining Code)**

  * Governs prospecting, exploration, exploitation, processing, marketing and export of mineral resources (Art. 1).

  * Defines artisanal miners as:
    * Individuals or groups using manual or light mechanical techniques  
    * Operating in open-pit or underground mines  
    * Without processing minerals at the extraction site (Art. 2)

**Regulatory note:** The Mining Code provides a comprehensive framework applicable to both industrial and artisanal mining activities.

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==== Taxi and Transport Sector (Gig-work/platform economy overlap) ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Cross-Border Informal Trade ====

(Content to be added)

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===== Sources / Links =====

  * IIAG – Madagascar: https://iiag.online/locations/mg.html
  * Institutions and Stakeholder Database – Madagascar (to be linked)
  * ILO Country Profile – Madagascar (to be linked)