====== Eritrea ======

**Region:** Eastern Africa  
**Regional Economic Communities (REC):** CEN-SAD · COMESA · IGAD  

→ [[https://iiag.online/locations/er.html|View IIAG Country Statistics]]

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^ Indicator ^ Data ^
| **Governance (IIAG)** | Overall Governance score: 27.5 / 100 · Rank: 52nd / 54 |

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===== PART 1 – HIGH-LEVEL COUNTRY MAPPING =====

==== Institutions and Stakeholder Database ====
(To be linked)

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==== REC Membership ====

  * CEN-SAD
  * COMESA
  * IGAD

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==== Population size and size of the informal economy ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Nature of the legal system and ILO status ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Workers’ rights in human rights system, national labour law / social protection and scope of protection ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Existing laws, policy and regulatory initiatives for the protection of workers in the informal economy ====

(Content to be added)

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===== PART 2 – SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATION =====

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==== Domestic Work Sector ====

**Act No. 73/AN/89/2nd L (Family Benefits Scheme)**

  * Employers of domestic workers must register with the Social Benefits Fund  
  * Registration must occur within **48 hours of hiring** (Art. 18)

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==== Street Vendor ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Waste Reclaiming ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Home working ====

(Content to be added)

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==== Gig Work and the Platform Economy ====

**Act No. 199/AN/13/6th L of 20 February 2013**

  * Extends health care coverage to **self-employed workers** (Art. 1)  
  * Membership of the National Social Security Fund (CNSS) is **compulsory** (Art. 4)  
  * Self-employed workers receive benefits equivalent to other insured persons (Art. 7)  
  * Contributions based on main economic activity (Art. 9)

**Decree No. 2013-055/PR/MTRA of 11 April 2013**

  * Implements compulsory registration with CNSS (Art. 1)  
  * Self-employed workers must:
    * Apply for registration  
    * Submit required documentation  
  * Automatic registration may occur through administrative data (Art. 2)  
  * Registration includes a **lifetime identification number** (Art. 3)

**Act No. 24/AN/14/7th of 5 February 2014 (Universal Health Insurance Scheme)**

  * Establishes compulsory health insurance  
  * Includes a scheme for self-employed workers (Art. 5(2))  
  * Contributions are income-based (Art. 17)

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==== Farm Work ====

(Content to be added)

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==== The Mining Sector and Artisanal Mining ====

**Mining Proclamation No. 68/1995 of 20 March 1995**

  * Applies to all mining operations and related activities in Eritrea (s 3)

**Definition of artisanal mining (s 2(2)):**

  * Non-mechanised mining operations  
  * Primarily manual  
  * Conducted by individuals or small groups  

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==== Taxi and Transport Sector (Gig-work/platform economy overlap) ====

**Partnership Agreement (04 October 2017)**  
(CNSS and Union of Buses & Minibuses)

Key provisions:

  * Public transport operators receive **full medical coverage**  
  * Coverage extends to family members  
  * Access to all services under the Universal Health Insurance scheme  

Contribution structure:

  * Based on participatory compulsory insurance scheme  
  * Contribution rate: **7% annual basis**  
  * Bus owners: **3500 fdj (~USD 20/month)**  
  * Minibus owners: **1750 fdj (~USD 10/month)**  

Payment flexibility:

  * Monthly  
  * Quarterly  
  * Half-yearly  
  * Annual  

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==== Cross-Border Informal Trade ====

(Content to be added)

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===== Sources / Links =====

  * IIAG – Eritrea: https://iiag.online/locations/er.html
  * Act No. 73/AN/89/2nd L
  * Act No. 199/AN/13/6th L
  * Decree No. 2013-055/PR/MTRA
  * Act No. 24/AN/14/7th L
  * Mining Proclamation No. 68/1995
  * Institutions and Stakeholder Database – Eritrea (to be linked)
  * ILO Country Profile – Eritrea (to be linked)