====== Algeria ====== **Region:** Northern Africa **Regional Economic Communities (REC):** AMU → [[https://iiag.online/locations/dz.html|View IIAG Country Statistics]] ---- ^ Indicator ^ Data ^ | **Governance (IIAG)** | Overall Governance score: 55.7 / 100 · Rank: 18th / 54 | ---- ===== PART 1 – HIGH-LEVEL COUNTRY MAPPING ===== ==== Institutions and Stakeholder Database ==== (To be linked) ---- ==== REC Membership ==== * AMU ---- ==== Population size and size of the informal economy ==== Approximately **30% of Algeria’s workforce** is employed in the informal sector. Key indicators: * Self-employment: **29.6% of total employment** * Labour force not covered by social security: **63.3%** Workers in the informal economy often face: * Precarious working conditions * Low wages * Limited legal protection Migrant workers, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa, are especially vulnerable to exploitation and discrimination. Source: Labour Market Report Algeria (2020) https://www.ulandssekretariatet.dk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/LMR-Algeria-2020-final-version1.pdf ---- ==== Nature of the legal system and ILO status ==== Algeria has a **mixed legal system**, influenced by: * Civil law traditions * Elements of Islamic law The country has experienced periods of social unrest, shaped by: * Post-conflict recovery following the 1990s * Economic stabilisation through oil and gas revenues The constitutional framework is defined by the **2020 Constitution**. Source: Constitution of Algeria (2020) https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2020 (Content to be added: ILO membership year and DWCP details) ---- ==== Workers’ rights in human rights system, national labour law / social protection and scope of protection ==== **Constitutional protections** * **Article 69**: * Right to workplace safety, hygiene, and social security * Right to rest * **Article 70**: * Recognition of trade union rights * **Article 71**: * Right to strike Source: Constitution of Algeria (2020) https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2020 ---- **Labour law framework** **Labour Law No. 22-16 of 20 July 2022** (replacing Law No. 90-11 of 1990): Provides: * Protection against discrimination (sex, race, colour, national origin) * Equal pay for men and women * Maternity protection * Protection of trade union members from dismissal Additional feature: * Employees may take leave to start a business while retaining social security coverage ---- **Trade union regulation** **Law No. 23-02 (2023)**: * Strengthens trade union representation * Allows the most representative unions to participate in tripartite consultations ---- **Social protection framework** **Décret exécutif n° 18-227 (2018)**: * Establishes the structure and functioning of the National Council of Social Mutuality * Forms part of broader social protection reform Source: Décret exécutif n° 18-227 du 24 septembre 2018 Additional analysis: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2023/11/reforming-algerias-social-protection-system/02-overview-welfare-state-algeria ---- **ILO framework** Algeria has ratified key ILO conventions, including: * Convention No. 87 (Freedom of Association) * Convention No. 98 (Collective Bargaining) * Convention No. 144 (Tripartite Consultation) * Convention No. 135 (Workers’ Representatives) Source: U.S. Department of State (2023) https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/algeria/ ---- ==== Existing laws, policy and regulatory initiatives for the protection of workers in the informal economy ==== **National Employment Strategy** * Encourages formalisation of informal enterprises * Includes social protection initiatives such as: * Zakat programmes (community-based support mechanisms) ---- **National Employment Policy (2008)** * Focuses primarily on reducing unemployment * Limited direct focus on informal economy protection Source: Ministry of Labour http://www.mtess.gov.dz ---- **Social Development Agency (ADS) (1996)** Established under: * Executive Decree No. 96-232 of 29 June 1996 * Amended by Executive Order No. 03-241 of 2 July 2003 Functions: * Poverty reduction * Employment creation * Social inclusion Programmes include: * Pre-employment contracts * Rural employment schemes * Community-based work programmes ---- **National Agency for Management of Microcredit (ANGEM) (2004)** Established under: * Executive Decree No. 04-14 of 22 January 2004 Purpose: * Provide microcredit to low-income populations * Support entrepreneurship * Reduce informality Source: European Training Foundation (2014) https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/3F6D27A7987C47FEC1257CE60024C937_Employment%20policies_Algeria.pdf ---- ===== PART 2 – SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATION ===== ---- ==== Domestic Work Sector ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== Street Vendor ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== Waste Reclaiming ==== **Act No. 2001-19 of 12 December 2001 (Waste Management Law)** * Governs: * Collection * Transport * Processing of waste * Waste services are **paid services** (Art. 36) * Implementation governed by regulatory measures ---- ==== Home working ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== Gig Work and the Platform Economy ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== Farm Work ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== The Mining Sector and Artisanal Mining ==== **Act No. 14-05 of 24 February 2014 (Mining Law)** * Applies to: * Geological research * Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources * Excludes: * Water resources * Hydrocarbon deposits * Requires: * Geological data reporting (Arts. 31–33) * Applies within: * Public water domain * National forest domain (subject to additional legislation) ---- ==== Taxi and Transport Sector (Gig-work/platform economy overlap) ==== (Content to be added) ---- ==== Cross-Border Informal Trade ==== (Content to be added) ---- ===== Sources / Links ===== * IIAG – Algeria: https://iiag.online/locations/dz.html * Labour Market Report Algeria (2020) * European Training Foundation (2014) * U.S. Department of State (2023) * Constitution of Algeria (2020) * Décret exécutif n° 18-227 (2018) * Chatham House (2023) * Ministry of Labour (2008) * Executive Decree No. 96-232 (1996) * Executive Decree No. 04-14 (2004)